Cichlids (pronounced sick-lids) are a massive, diverse family of active, highly intelligent freshwater fish known for their bright colors and unique, complex behaviors.
Common Types: Includes African Cichlids (Malawi/Tanganyika species, extremely colorful), American Cichlids (Angelfish, Oscar, Convict, Severum), and hybrids like Flowerhorns.
 Size: Varies widely from 2 inches (5 cm) dwarf species up to 14+ inches (35+ cm).
 Behavior: Highly territorial, aggressive, and dynamic; they form social hierarchies and often dig in substrate or rearrange tank decorations.
 Care: Requirements depend on origin—African species need hard, alkaline water (pH 7.8–8.6) with lots of rock hides, while South American species prefer softer, slightly acidic water (74–82°F / 23–28°C).